Electronics Basics for Arduino, Pi and ESP32 Makers

Every working robot, sensor node and blinking LED depends on a handful of electrical ideas. This hub collects Artoo Maker Lab's guides to the fundamentals, including components, circuits, Ohm's law, power and digital logic, so you understand why a project works instead of copying wiring diagrams. It is written for newcomers wiring their first breadboard and for experienced makers filling gaps before they tackle motors or custom PCBs.

What you'll find here

Components explained

Learn what resistors, capacitors, transistors and integrated circuits actually do, how to read their markings, and how to pick the right part for a microcontroller project.

Circuits and Ohm's law

Work through voltage, current and resistance with practical calculations, from sizing an LED resistor to building voltage dividers that keep 3.3V pins safe.

Power supplies and batteries

Choose between USB power, regulators, lithium cells and AA packs, and learn how capacity, voltage drop and brownouts affect boards like the ESP32.

Digital logic and number systems

Get comfortable with logic levels, gates, binary and hexadecimal so that registers, bitmasks and datasheets start to make sense.

2 guides in this section